• Authenticate with the Package Registry
  • Authenticate with a personal access token
  • Authenticate with a deploy token
  • Authenticate with a CI job token
  • Authenticate to access packages within a group
• Publish a PyPI package
  • Ensure your version string is valid
  • Publish a PyPI package by using twine
  • Publishing packages with the same name or version
• Install a PyPI package
  • Install from the project level
  • Install from the group level
  • Package names
• Using requirements.txt
• Troubleshooting
  • Multiple index-url or extra-index-url parameters
• Supported CLI commands

PyPI packages in the Package Registry

Publish PyPI packages in your project’s Package Registry. Then install the packages whenever you need to use them as a dependency.

The Package Registry works with:

• pip
• twine

For documentation of the specific API endpoints that the pip and twine clients use, see the PyPI API documentation.

Learn how to build a PyPI package.

Authenticate with the Package Registry

Before you can publish to the Package Registry, you must authenticate.

To do this, you can use:

• A personal access token with the scope set to api.
• A deploy token with the scope set to read_package_registry, write_package_registry, or both.
• A CI job token.

Authenticate with a personal access token

To authenticate with a personal access token, edit the ~/.pypirc file and add:

[distutils]
index-servers =
    gitlab

[gitlab]
repository = https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<project_id>/packages/pypi
username = <your_personal_access_token_name>
password = <your_personal_access_token>

The <project_id> is either the project’s URL-encoded path (for example, group%2Fproject), or the project’s ID (for example 42).

Authenticate with a deploy token

To authenticate with a deploy token, edit your ~/.pypirc file and add:

[distutils]
index-servers =
    gitlab

[gitlab]
repository = https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<project_id>/packages/pypi
username = <deploy token username>
password = <deploy token>

The <project_id> is either the project’s URL-encoded path (for example, group%2Fproject), or the project’s ID (for example 42).

Authenticate with a CI job token

To work with PyPI commands within GitLab CI/CD, you can use CI_JOB_TOKEN instead of a personal access token or deploy token.

For example:

image: python:latest

run:
  script:
    - pip install build twine
    - python -m build
    - TWINE_PASSWORD=${CI_JOB_TOKEN} TWINE_USERNAME=gitlab-ci-token python -m twine upload --repository-url ${CI_API_V4_URL}/projects/${CI_PROJECT_ID}/packages/pypi dist/*

You can also use CI_JOB_TOKEN in a ~/.pypirc file that you check in to GitLab:

[distutils]
index-servers =
    gitlab

[gitlab]
repository = https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/${env.CI_PROJECT_ID}/packages/pypi
username = gitlab-ci-token
password = ${env.CI_JOB_TOKEN}

Authenticate to access packages within a group

Follow the instructions above for the token type, but use the group URL in place of the project URL:

https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/groups/<group_id>/-/packages/pypi

Publish a PyPI package

Prerequisites:

• You must authenticate with the Package Registry.
• Your version string must be valid.
• The maximum allowed package size is 5 GB.
• You can’t upload the same version of a package multiple times. If you try, you receive the error 400 Bad Request.
• PyPI packages are published using your projectID.
• If your project is in a group, PyPI packages published to your project registry are also available at the group-level registry (see Install from the group level).

You can then publish a package by using twine.

Ensure your version string is valid

If your version string (for example, 0.0.1) isn’t valid, it gets rejected. GitLab uses the following regex to validate the version string.

\A(?:
    v?
    (?:([0-9]+)!)?                                                 (?# epoch)
    ([0-9]+(?:\.[0-9]+)*)                                          (?# release segment)
    ([-_\.]?((a|b|c|rc|alpha|beta|pre|preview))[-_\.]?([0-9]+)?)?  (?# pre-release)
    ((?:-([0-9]+))|(?:[-_\.]?(post|rev|r)[-_\.]?([0-9]+)?))?       (?# post release)
    ([-_\.]?(dev)[-_\.]?([0-9]+)?)?                                (?# dev release)
    (?:\+([a-z0-9]+(?:[-_\.][a-z0-9]+)*))?                         (?# local version)
)\z}xi

You can experiment with the regex and try your version strings by using this regular expression editor.

For more details about the regex, review this documentation.

Publish a PyPI package by using twine

To publish a PyPI package, run a command like:

python3 -m twine upload --repository gitlab dist/*

This message indicates that the package was published successfully:

Uploading distributions to https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<your_project_id>/packages/pypi
Uploading mypypipackage-0.0.1-py3-none-any.whl
100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 4.58k/4.58k [00:00<00:00, 10.9kB/s]
Uploading mypypipackage-0.0.1.tar.gz
100%|███████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████████| 4.24k/4.24k [00:00<00:00, 11.0kB/s]

To view the published package, go to your project’s Packages and registries page.

If you didn’t use a .pypirc file to define your repository source, you can publish to the repository with the authentication inline:

TWINE_PASSWORD=<personal_access_token or deploy_token> TWINE_USERNAME=<username or deploy_token_username> python3 -m twine upload --repository-url https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<project_id>/packages/pypi dist/*

If you didn’t follow the steps on this page, ensure your package was properly built, and that you created a PyPI package with setuptools.

You can then upload your package by using the following command:

python -m twine upload --repository <source_name> dist/<package_file>

• <package_file> is your package filename, ending in .tar.gz or .whl.
• <source_name> is the source name used during setup.

Publishing packages with the same name or version

You cannot publish a package if a package of the same name and version already exists. You must delete the existing package first. If you attempt to publish the same package more than once, a 400 Bad Request error occurs.

Install a PyPI package

In GitLab 14.2 and later, when a PyPI package is not found in the Package Registry, the request is forwarded to pypi.org.

Administrators can disable this behavior in the Continuous Integration settings.

Install from the project level

To install the latest version of a package, use the following command:

pip install --index-url https://<personal_access_token_name>:<personal_access_token>@gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<project_id>/packages/pypi/simple --no-deps <package_name>

• <package_name> is the package name.
• <personal_access_token_name> is a personal access token name with the read_api scope.
• <personal_access_token> is a personal access token with the read_api scope.
• <project_id> is either the project’s URL-encoded path (for example, group%2Fproject), or the project’s ID (for example 42).

In these commands, you can use --extra-index-url instead of --index-url. However, using --extra-index-url makes you vulnerable to dependency confusion attacks because it checks the PyPi repository for the package before it checks the custom repository. --extra-index-url adds the provided URL as an additional registry which the client checks if the package is present. --index-url tells the client to check for the package on the provided URL only.

If you were following the guide and want to install the MyPyPiPackage package, you can run:

pip install mypypipackage --no-deps --index-url https://<personal_access_token_name>:<personal_access_token>@gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<your_project_id>/packages/pypi/simple

This message indicates that the package was installed successfully:

Looking in indexes: https://<personal_access_token_name>:****@gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<your_project_id>/packages/pypi/simple
Collecting mypypipackage
  Downloading https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<your_project_id>/packages/pypi/files/d53334205552a355fee8ca35a164512ef7334f33d309e60240d57073ee4386e6/mypypipackage-0.0.1-py3-none-any.whl (1.6 kB)
Installing collected packages: mypypipackage
Successfully installed mypypipackage-0.0.1

Install from the group level

To install the latest version of a package from a group, use the following command:

pip install --index-url https://<personal_access_token_name>:<personal_access_token>@gitlab.example.com/api/v4/groups/<group_id>/-/packages/pypi/simple --no-deps <package_name>

In this command:

• <package_name> is the package name.
• <personal_access_token_name> is a personal access token name with the read_api scope.
• <personal_access_token> is a personal access token with the read_api scope.
• <group_id> is the group ID.

In these commands, you can use --extra-index-url instead of --index-url. However, using --extra-index-url makes you vulnerable to dependency confusion attacks because it checks the PyPi repository for the package before it checks the custom repository. --extra-index-url adds the provided URL as an additional registry which the client checks if the package is present. --index-url tells the client to check for the package at the provided URL only.

If you’re following the guide and want to install the MyPyPiPackage package, you can run:

pip install mypypipackage --no-deps --index-url https://<personal_access_token_name>:<personal_access_token>@gitlab.example.com/api/v4/groups/<your_group_id>/-/packages/pypi/simple

Package names

GitLab looks for packages that use Python normalized names (PEP-503). The characters -, _, and . are all treated the same, and repeated characters are removed.

A pip install request for my.package looks for packages that match any of the three characters, such as my-package, my_package, and my....package.

Using requirements.txt

If you want pip to access your private registry, add the --extra-index-url parameter along with the URL for your registry to your requirements.txt file.

--extra-index-url https://gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<project_id>/packages/pypi/simple
package-name==1.0.0

If this is a private registry, you can authenticate in a couple of ways. For example:

• Using your requirements.txt file:

--extra-index-url https://__token__:<your_personal_token>@gitlab.example.com/api/v4/projects/<project_id>/packages/pypi/simple
package-name==1.0.0

• Using a ~/.netrc file:

machine gitlab.example.com
login __token__
password <your_personal_token>

Troubleshooting

To improve performance, the pip command caches files related to a package. Pip doesn’t remove data by itself. The cache grows as new packages are installed. If you encounter issues, clear the cache with this command:

pip cache purge

Multiple index-url or extra-index-url parameters

You can define multiple index-url and extra-index-url parameters.

If you use the same domain name (such as gitlab.example.com) multiple times with different authentication tokens, pip may not be able to find your packages. This problem is due to how pip registers and stores your tokens during commands executions.

To workaround this issue, you can use a group deploy token with the scope read_package_registry from a common parent group for all projects or groups targeted by the index-url and extra-index-url values.

Supported CLI commands

The GitLab PyPI repository supports the following CLI commands:

• twine upload: Upload a package to the registry.
• pip install: Install a PyPI package from the registry.